Oliva
Sabuco




The Work




Nueva Filosofía

1st edition (1587)of NUEVA fILOSOFÍA

    NUEVA FILOSOFÍA
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Five Treatises in Spanish

[1]Colloquy on Human Nature and Knowledge of One's Self
[2]Treatise on The Composition of the World
[3]Treatise about Things which will improve the World
[4]Colloquy on Remedies
[5]Colloquy on Errors of traditional Medicine,

    Two Opuscula in Latin
[6]About Human Nature
[7]True Philosophy

the Place

the Time

the Woman

HomePage

the Links

the Authorship

Publications

Documents

Comments
Why is NF outstanding?
General Description
Macro- & Microcosmos
Interpretation
First 100pages of NF
Significance of NF
History of editions


The uninitiated reader faces a daunting task when tackling Sabuco's Nueva Filosofía for the first time. The obstacles, lurking in both, form and substance, include -among others- these:
[1] Scarcity of texts. The only edition available in bookstores is the abridged and halting one (in Spanish) of 1981. Few exemplars of the previous editions are only occasionally available in elite libraries, often in the rare-and-old sections, unaccessible to the layperson. Fortunately, English speakers will be able to enjoy a modern
translation printed by University of Illinois Press, and scheduled for Fall 2006
[2] Sabuco's language. The text is alternatively snappy, enigmatic, humorous, ambiguous, tedious and exquisitely poetic when it is not all the above together. If to that we add the idiosyncracy of 16C Castilian confronting today's reader, we get a text that calls for undivided dedication and application.
[3] Prolific message. It becomes at times difficult to sort out whether Nueva Filosofía's core business is to deal with Medicine, Philosophical Reasoning, Pharmacy, Sociology or to revive Pliny's work.
[4] Ambiguity in the form. Nueva Filosofía is often equivocal and evasive in terms of secularism and doctrine. The double entendre is there for the taking, and it exacts a toll on the sticklers for the interpretation. Nueva Filosofía -although certainly not a feminist tract- does not shy at revealing women capable of handling most chores of masculine lore, and cracks open some gender taboos.



GENERAL DESCRIPTION (a colaboration by M Colomer VINTRO)

Sabuco's theory of human nature is a scientific, comprehensive and secular argument on the relations between mind and body. She draws selectively on the Platonic conceptions of the tripartite soul, on the Aristotelian doctrine of the mean in Ethics, and on Pliny's natural philosophy, illustrating similarities and differences among humans, animals and plants. Her philosophy of Medicine is grounded in Psychology, Metaphysics, Virtue Ethics, and plain common sense that agrees mostly with Church doctrine. Yet, there are subtle incongruities in the text, e.g., God is brought forth as Creator and Provider throughout the seven treatises but there are no references to the Scriptures, the figure of Jesus, the Purgatory, and the Church itself and its catechism. Communication with God, and the promise of Heaven -as rewards- are indeed, conspicuous, but her theory is also tied to Cosmology and its effect on humans. All together, a holistic view of nature prevails. Nueva Filosofía postulates an anatomy of the human body analogous to a "tree of roots" or

"upside-down tree" where the brain, located in the head, has a commanding role over the body. The brain, responsible for the "vegetation" of trunk and branches (body and limbs), controls the flow of chilo throughout the body. The chilo is the "succo nervoso", the nervous sap, consisting namely in a "vitality-milk" that in all living beings (human, animal, and vegetable) takes a variety of forms: white blood-cells, lymph, spinal-fluid, brain-sap, digestive juice, semen, etc. The human rational soul acts through the brain, affecting its function, and in turn influencing the anatomical processes. Thus, psychological conditions (enthusiasm, interest, etc.) and moral virtues (love, hope, etc.) can positively affect physical health, and contribute to human growth and development. Conversely, negative psychological conditions (depression, sadness, etc.), and moral vices (hate, greed, etc.) affect negatively, and inflict ill in the form of disease, physical disorder, and -eventually- "violent" death.

Although psychological and moral conditions play a distinct role in Sabuco's philosophy of Medicine, she insists that all biological life forms follow a natural cycle of birth, growth & development, maturation, decline and death. Her goal is neither a "fountain of youth" nor a life preserved beyond the natural span of the species but one of helping humans to avoid what she calls "violent, sudden death" -i.e., premature- caused by health disorders.


Significance of

In many ways, Oliva anticipated Descartes in her analysis of mind-body dualism by half a century. She laid an empirical explanation of that dualistic interaction, completing -well ahead of her time- the circle of its influences, body-mind-body. She argued that the ancient philosophers and physicians had not instrumented their theories toward practical benefit. Sabuco emphasized the psychological role of the emotions, be they harsh (fear, dread, sadness, etc.) or blissful (love, generosity, etc.), in human development and health.

Oliva Sabuco presents a case for psychosomatic Medicine decades before Francis Glisson and Thomas Willis, among others, in England. Her key, primary thesis is that only by "knowing ourselves" -knowing true human nature- can Medicine develop effective preventions, treatments and cures.

Nueva Filosofía


Why is Nueva
Filosofía (NF)
outstanding?

Ethics and Health

Emotions and passions: physiological instruments

Psychosomatic Approach

Pioneer rendering of subject with modern perspective

Body and Mind Relations

Novelty: physiological and psychological interactions

Secular vs Mystical

Secular & mystical conjuction. Secular ignored before

Socioeconomic Critique

Condition of Labor/ Due-Process-of-Law/ Use of Latin/ Privileged Students/ Gluttony vs Starvation

Apothecary's List

Rich account of drugs & remedies, current and past

Literary Genre

Use of Dialog/ Snappy, witty, ironic style/ Common vs doctoral speech/ Access by extensive metaphor.

Double Entendre

Cloaking risqué topics. NF: ambiguous in doctrine or exemplarily orthodox?


We have obtained access to two papers by the English translators of Nueva Filosofía. The first on the subject of Macro-& Microcosmos, and the second on an interpretation of Dualism in Sabuco. Additionally, first-time readers may satisfy the curiosity of how Nueva Filosofía looks like in its original 16C Castilian 1587 edition, by clicking the button below

Macro-&MicroCosmos

Dualism in Sabuco

First 100pages of NF



1st. edition binding

In the four centuries since its first 1587 publication, Sabuco's work has never been out of print. A second edition was published in 1588, and a third in 1622 in Portugal, probably the last one supervised by Oliva.It has been published at least twice each century since then: 1728, 1734, 1847, 1873(fragmented under Biblioteca Autores Españoles), 1888, and the last one of 1981(incomplete).
All these editions featured Oliva Sabuco as author with no disclaimers or caveats. The impending first-ever edition in English will be the only complete modern one for some late Spanish editions omitted the Latin opuscula. The translation will be based on the unexpurgated text of the first, 1587 Madrigal edition, and for all practical purposes, (see 1734), will be the only one available in any language.

Frontispieces of all New Philosophy Editions

1587

1588

1622

1728

1587

1588

1622

1728

1847

1873

1888

1981

1847

1873

1888

1981

the Place

the Time

the Woman

HomePage

the Links

the Authorship

Publications

Documents

omnia vincat, candide lector, amica veritas
(Clearly, reader, friendly truth prevails over all.) Colophon of Nueva Filosofia by Oliva Sabuco

REVISED MAR2006
WebMaster