Oliva
Sabuco







Authorship

Iten, aclaro que yo compuse un libro yntitulado Nueva filosofia o e una norma y otro libro que se ymprimieron, en los quales todos puse e pongo por autora a la dicha Luisa de Oliua my hija, solo por darle el nombre e la onrra, y reservo el fruto y probecho que resultarle de los dichos libros para my, y mando a la dicha mi hija Luisa de Oliua no se entremeta en el dicho privilegio, so pena de mi maldicion, atento lo dicho, demas que tengo hecha [fecha] ynformacion de como yo soy el autor y no ella. La qual ynformacion esta en una scriptura que paso ante Villareal scribano.

FEB1588
Miguel Sabuco's Will
middle of page 5 reads:
"...so pena de mi maldicion...>

"...to avoid my curse..."

I also clarify that I composed a book entitled New Philosophy and a text and another book that were printed, in which everyone took and I put as author to the mentioned Luisa de Oliva my daughter, only to give her the name and the honor, but I reserve for myself the fruits and profits that could result from the said books by me, and I order my daughter Luisa de Oliva not to interfere in the said privilege, if she wants to avoid my curse, because I am on record of how I am the author and not she. Which information is in a legal document that I executed before Villareal the Scribe

It all started here: Miguel ruthlessly summons Oliva -lest be accursed- to give up the authorship on account of "ynformacion" registered (?) with the scribe...

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Facts and Chronology
Position on Authorship
Scholars in each side

The merits of Nueva Filosofía are immaterial of the author's gender. Either one adds no intrinsic value except in the anecdotal or the historical. We know of no further work by either Miguel or Oliva. before, during or after the publication of NF to guide us or define their credentials. In addition to the devotees of Oliva's or Miguel's authorship, we must attest other claims. Numerous are the skeptics who suspect that NF was in part or totally bagged through less than meritorious means. One plausible source is a fleeing dispossessed marrano ("converted" jew); this heterodox thought started with no less than the divino Valles, the Spanish Vessalius, a contemporary of the Sabucos. Many scholars are otherwise convinced that in the manuscript of NF, traces of at least two hands are indisputable. They point out significant differences in style throughout the treatises. Other students of Sabuco bring up credible evidence of a woman's hand in some chapters, in clear-cut contrast with more habitual -masculine- writing in other. Opinions all over the gamut. The English translators of Nueva Filosofía have intimated their uneasiness while sorting out the right author for the first-ever translation. They have published several papers elaborating on their disquiet. Certainty is elusive; the truth behind the authorship might never be unveiled. Vintro and Waithe

report having found in their research insufficient grounds for the belated and dramatic daughter-to-father authorship pushover. Even a casual observer will not fail to remark that in 20C Spain some scholars scurried out to adjudicate the authorship to more trustworthy masculine hands, i.e., rescuing Nueva Filosofía from Oliva. In fact, the less than commendable spectacle of accursed daughter, daughter-suing-father, hung dowry, unsettle debts, and assorted other feuds paint a sobering picture of this upper-middle-class 16C Alcaraz family which was, otherwise, the cradle of a prescient book. Better, perhaps, would have been to stash away all this laundry, ignore the author's gender, and focus on Nueva Filosofía, a text worth revisiting. For it seems that regardless of where the debate starts, every argument favoring one source launches a lethal counter-argument of authorship. Even if at times the cumulative uncorroborated evidence would appear as favoring Miguel's, it still is no match for the hard facts opposing Oliva's relegation. Hence, caution should prevail, and further detraction of Oliva's authorship be contained. This is the approach taken by the English translators, and it strikes as a prudent and wise one. Those ready to cast aspersions of feminism at this attitude should pause lest they find themselves throwing stones at their own male-chauvinist roof.


FACTS AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE AUTHORSHIP

1587

First edition of Nueva Filosofía is printed. King Philip-II grants privileges and royalties to Oliva Sabuco.

1588

Bachiller Sabuco dictates a will to young scribe Alonso Romero where he [1] declares to be the author of NF, having allowed Oliva the apparent ownership "...just to give her honor...", [2] claims all book-related royalties to be duly his, [3] confirms a dowry settlement with son-in-law, Acacio Buedo, [4] justifies authorship with a document that -he claims- has registered with the senior town scribe, Villareal.

1588-1903

Six more editions are brought forth in the course of these three centuries. At no point is the authorship challenged. Oliva becomes a myth and a role-model as an enlightened and determined young woman.

1903

José Marco Hidalgo (Registrar of Alcaraz), who has just published (1900) the best biography of Oliva, stumbles on Miguel's will while browsing at the Diocesan archives. Candidly confesses being puzzled by the missing "document" justifying the paternity of Nueva Filosofía: "...I begin by asking myself is if such documents (sic) have the authority and strength as to warrant that the author is Bachiller Sabuco rather than Oliva...". Nevertheless, he then proceeds to unceremoniously depose Oliva and "author" Miguel in the landmark article "...Oliva was no writer..." published in the Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos in JUL1903.

1903-1966

All but a minority of Spain's historians of Philosophy rallied behind the "...Miguel fué que no Oliva..." banner toward Oliva's dispossession of authorship.

1966

The decision of the cataloguer Palau-i-Dulcet to adhere to Hidalgo's argument - as ambiguous and arguable as it was- seals the fate of Oliva as author. Oliva is dismissed by Palau-i-Dulcet with the moving farewell in his Manual del Librero,,, Barcelona 1966 "....Miguel, out of paternal love..."

ca 1975

Biblioteca Nacional of Spain resolves to follow the advice of Palau-i-Dulcet, amends the registry and replaces Oliva with Miguel. Soon after, most national libraries around the world follow suit. Among them the Library of Congress and the NIH Library

1981

Ironic turnabout: the last edition of Nueva Filosofía is printed in Madrid...with Oliva Sabuco as author!

1981-2004

A modest but determined movement to revisit the reasons for the authorship shift begins to spread. Several scholars from both sides of the Atlantic start to read and publish papers in this sense. Among them Posthumously Plagiarizing Oliva Sabuco: An Appeal to Cataloging Librarians, article appeared in Cataloging & Classification Quarterly Vol35 Nbr3/4 DEC2003, causes some stir

2005

Library of Congress appends Nueva Filosofía registry with a caveat. (Eventual reconsideration?)

2006

New Philosophy the first-ever translation of the Sabuco work is scheduled for publication by University of Illinois Press. Oliva Sabuco is identified as author.


          Maria Colomer Vintro has volunteered the following comments that summarize her position regarding the troublesome subject of authorship of Nueva Filosofía, and the reasons that persuaded its translators to preserve Oliva as author.


some of those accepting Miguel's argument

some of those disagreeing with the change

Marco HIDALGO
Oliva was no writer...
Revista Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos JUN1903

SERRANO y SANZ
Apuntes para una Biblioteca... Madrid 1955

Benjamin MARCOS
Miguel Sabuco (antes Oliva) Madrid 1905

Alain GUY
Philosophes espagnoles Toulouse 1956

Antonio PALAU-i-DULCET
Manual Libro Hispanoamericano Barcelona 1966

Domingo HENARES
Un Libro en Busca de su Autor Al-Basit AUG1975

El Bachiller Sabuco en la Filosofía medica del Renacimiento español Albacete AUG1975

De lo luminoso en Filosofía
Anales del Centro Asociado a la UNED SEP1979

El pensamiento a través...
Revista Cultural Albacete NOV 1984

El Horizonte de Religiosidad en Sabuco Al-Basit 22 DEC 1987

Bachiller Sabuco: Estado de una Cuestion
Cultural Albacete Vol-1 APR 2004

Mary Ellen WAITHE
History of Women Philosophers Vol-2
Kluwer 1989

Making History fit the Myth...
8th Syposium of IAWP Boston University AUG98

Fué Oliva o fué Miguel?
Coauthored,Boletin IIB of UNA of Mexico DEC2000

Posthumously Plagiarizing Oliva Sabuco: An Appeal to Cataloging Librarians
Coauthored, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly Vol35 Nbr3/4 DEC2003

Maria Colomer VINTRO
Fué Oliva o fué Miguel?
Boletin IIB of UNA of Mexico DEC2000

Posthumously Plagiarizing Oliva Sabuco: An Appeal to Cataloging Librarians
Cataloging & Classification Quarterly Vol35 Nbr3/4 DEC2003

Oliva Sabuco
Revista ALFA XVII DEC2005

Damaris OTERO-TORRES
Una humilde Servidora...
Taller de Letras Vol 26 of Universidad Católica Chile. SEP1998

Texto femenino; Autoridad masculina...
Lecturas Críticas of Instituto de Filología U of Buenos Aires AUG2000

Oliva Sabuco y la Construcción del Estado...
Femisnismos, Cuerpos y Escrituras in La Pagina EditoresTenerife- Spain. NOV2000

José Pascual BUXÓ
Un Caso en la España del 16C
IMAGINES of Instituto Investigaciones Bibliográficas UNA México JUN2000

José BIEDMA Lopez
Oliva Sabuco

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omnia vincat, candide lector, amica veritas
(Clearly, reader, friendly truth prevails over all.) Colophon of Nueva Filosofia by Oliva Sabuco

REVISED MAR2006
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