1540


Juan Luis Vives the Spanish philosopher and theologian dies

 HenryVIII disbands monasterial orders and halts construc tion of hospitals

 AstrronomerApien publishes Astronomicum Caesarium

Turks ocupy Buda
Coronado discovers Grand Canyon

 Loyola founds Jesuit Order

1541





The great physician, philosopher and astronomer Paracelsus dies
First Botanical Garden opens in Pisa

 The great mathematician Rheticus publishes the trigonometric tables backing Copernicus heliocentrism

 A Spaniard, Orellana, discovers and navigates the Amazon River

1542



A Spaniard Fray Bartolomé de las Casas publishes the scathing report (Breve Relación...) about the Spanish colonies that provoked a general revulsion in the country



Fernel publishes De Naturali Parte Medicinae : the start of modern Physiology

 Spanish mystic and iluminado, John of the Cross is born

1543





An Italian phyisician, Andreas Vessalius publishes a seminal work: De Humanis Corporis that will establish the rules of modern Anatomy. Many historians call this event the birth of modern Medicine

 Copernicus produces his revolutionary, Sun-centered Astronomy "De Revolutionibus...", and dies shortly after in his native Poland



1544



Torquato Tasso the Italian Renaissance poet and philosopher is born"

Postel publishes De Orbis Terrae Concordia: a compromise between classical and Copernican Astronomy



1545







Cardanopublishes his "ArsMagna" a seminal work of Algebra

 Silvermines in Bolivia will supply Philip-II coffers and deteriorate the environment

 Council of Trentto counter the Reformation starts: it will last till 1563

1546

Inquisitionissues first ban of Indices Expurgatorios

 Lipsus is born



Fracantoro(Italian scientists) discovers that "particles"cause contagiousness of deceases

 Luther dies

1547

de la Raméefamous anti-Aristotle French philosopher publishes his "Structure of Dialectics"







1548

Giordano Bruno is born
Suárez is born







1549









Book Common Prayeris vulgarized at homes in England

1550

 Alonso Sabuco brother of Oliva Sabuco is born

 Francisco Sanchezis born



Railroads appear at mining sites in Europe

 Unitarianism(non-trinitarian sect) spreads in Europe

1551



Gessner, Swiss scientist produces a voluminous Historiae Animalium

 Palladiobuilds his landmark Villa Rotunda
Tobacco and Potato plantion starts in Europe
Horses from Spain go wild in North America





1552

Paré,the famous surgeon who changed the art of healing wounds with his treatise on the subject ( no more hot oil !) ,starts working for the king of France





1553







Mary Tudorbecomes Queen of England

1554











1555











1556





Agricola, the Germen scientist, publishes De Re Metalica, establishing the Western fudamentals of Metalurgy

 Philip II inherits the throne of the Empire

 Loyola dies

1557











1558







Elizabethascends to the throne of England

1559



Colombofrom Italy produces his work about the anatomy of the lungs>



Auto-da-Féin Valladolid: the CounterReform is determined to deter Protestantism

1560











1561

Baconis born

 Follopious publishes in Italy the most comprehensive anatomy of the female reproductive system





1562

 Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera is born of Francisca Cozar and Bachiller Miguel Sabuco y Alvarez in Alcaraz, Albacete,Spain








Holland has become the most enlightened country of Europe: most erudition is fleeing Spain toward this tolerant country.(Spinoza among them)
Edict de St Germain gives Protestants in FRance recognition at the same time that the Wars of Religion satrt in Europe to last 36 years

1563

 El-Escorial construction starts: the most representative building of the monarchy in Spain











1564

Galileo Galilei
is born. This astronomer, historian, scientist and Renaissance man will epitomize the 16th Century


Shakespeare is born
Cardano the great mathematician dies



1565





Gesner(Swiss) introduces the lead pencil



1566

Sta Teresa the star of Spain's golden age of "misticos" and "iluminados",publishes her prime work "Way to Perfection"







1567











1568

Camapanellais born



de Neirafrom Spain, discovers Salomon Islands

1569





Mercatordivulges his famous projection system



1570





The firstAtlas of portable size is published





1571





Kepler one of the most briliant mind of this century of geniuses is born

 Philippinesare colonized by the Spaniards
Philip-II wins Lepanto over the Turk

1572

de la Raméedies





St Bartholomeow massacre of Huguenots takes place in France

1573











1574



Aldrovandia pharmacist from Italy publishes the first modern compendium of medicinal plants





1575











1576





Tycho Brahe,danish, opens his pro Copernicus observatory in Uraniborg

 Angolais colonized by Portuguese

1577











1578











1579











1580

 Bachiller Sabucoa widower marries in May for a second time with Ana Navarro-García
Oliva Sabuco marries Acacio de Buedo on the 18th of December in the Church of the Santísima Trinidad of Alcaraz.(facsimiles of the Banns available in 'TheDocuments"in this website



Corn in Africafirst recorded exploration



1581











1582

Teresa de Ávila (Santa)dies

Gregorian Calendar replaces the Julian

Priest Ricci from Italy starts proselitizing in China

1583

Grotius is born. This expert English scholar will publish in 1625 "Three Books"which will constitute Locke's beam
Cherbury an English clerical, who will attacked by Bacon for his conservative "De Religionem", is born







1584











1585

 Francisca Cortazar's -mather of Oliva Sabuco- testament is opened; Oliva inherits considerable property

 Bruno publishes "Heroic Frenzies" which epitomizes the free-thinking, skeptic, pantheistic views of this great Italian figure who will pay with the stake for his independent thinking







1586

 King Phillip-II grantsOliva Sabuco the Privilege to publish her "New Philosophy" for 10 years (facsimilies of this Privilege dated 23rd of July,as well as records of the levies paid by Oliva to the Crown are available in the 'TheDocuments'









1587

 Oliva Sabuco's first edition of "New Philosophy sees the light in the printshop of Madrigal in Madrid









1588

 Oliva'ssecond edition of "New Philosophy" is put to printing by Madrigal in Madrid
Bachiller Sabuco draws up a Will in which he claims to be the true author of "New Philosophy" in a an supported statement that will be ignored for 400yrs till found by an archivist, Marco-e-Hidalgo who construed it as evidence, and called for a change in authorship
Bachiller Sabuco dictates his famous Last Will

 Hobbes the great English empiricist is born

Montaignepublishes his Essays
Marin Mersenne the famous French cleric is born. With the "Truth of Science"( 1625) will attempt to turn round the current of skepticism prevalent in Central Europe
Hobbes the monumental English figue of the "Leviathan"is born.

 The Armada fiasco : weather and Englishmen obliterate the costliest sea expedition ever.

1589





The Knitting machine is invented in England by Lee



1590






Coal Miningis industrialized for first time in Germany



1591











1592

Montaigne dies
Gassendi the great skeptic of the century with his "Exercises" 1624,and "Disquisitions", 1633, is born







1593











1594











1595











1596

Descartes is born with him, analysis will never be the same again.







1597

Bacon publishes his first seminal work Suárez publishes his anti-skepticism treatise "Metaphysical Disputations"







1598









Edict of Nantes by Henri IV gives freedom and rights to all Protestants of France

1599











1600





Bruno the most reputed scientist of his time ( from Italy) is murdered at the stakeGilberts work on magnetism is published

East India Co opens its doors to a long history of enterprising, profits and colonization

1601

Pierre Chariion the ilustrious French philosopher who so much resembles Motaigne publishes "Of Wisdom"where his skepticism is unscapable


Fermat, a French mathematician who will become the mith of this science is born. Fermats famous x*+y*=z* will not be re-resolved till 1994



1602

 Bachiller Sabucois recorded as present to the marriage of his youngest son









1603











1604

 Don Quijoteis published

Fabricius publishes his magnus opus on the foetus





1605









1606









1607











1608


Milton is born

Lippersheypatents the first modern telescope



1609





Kepler publishes two of his famous eliptical planetary laws



1610





Cassavais grown in Africa for first time
Galilei uses telescope to discover moons of Jupiter and the MilkyWay among many others



1611











1612











1613











1614





Napierimvents in Scotland the use of logarithms



1615

Galilei publishes the first of his two main books : "Consideration"that will be later followed by "Discourse" in 1638



Champlaindiscovers Québec

1616











1617











1618











1619











1620

Francis Bacon publishes "New Organon" a new interpretation of Nature,making the reason the center of life

KeplerPublishe his "Harmonia Mundi ahere he proposes the third law of eliptical planetary movement



1621





Snell,Dutch, publishes his laws of refraction of light



1622

 3dr editionof "Nueva Filosofía"is published in Portugal





Philip-IIdies

1629

 Oliva Sabucois reported present at the marriage of her daughter to Miguel Pareja